Two Nation Theory

Outline

1 TWO NATION THEORY
2 Meaning of Two Nation Theory
3 THE BASIS OF THE CREATION OF PAKISTAN
4 1.Religious Differences
5 2.Hindu Nationalism
6 3.Cultural Differences
7 4.Social Differences
8 5.Economics Differences
9 6.Educational Differences
10 7.Political Differences
11 (i) Hindi Urdu Controversy
12 (ii) Congress Attitude
13 (iii) Partition of Bengal
14 8.Language
15 Sir syed Ahmed Khan-The Pioneer of Two Nation Theory
16 TWO NATION THEORY IN THE VIEW OF ALLAMA IQBAL
17 QUAID-E-AZAM'S STATEMENT ON TWO NATION THEORY
18CONCLUSION
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Meaning of Two Nation Theory
The Two Nation Theory in its simplest way means the cultural,political,religious,economic and social dissimilarities between the two major communities.Hindus and Muslims of the Sub Continent.These difference of out look ,in fact,were greatly instrumental in giving rise to two distinct political ideologies which were responsible for the partition of India into two independent states.
THE BASIS OF THE CREATION OF PAKISTAN
The Two Nation Theory was the basis of the struggle for creation of Pakistan which held that Hindus and Muslims are two separate Nations.They in spite of living together for centuries could not forget their individual cultures and civilization.Al-Beruni recorded his ideas in 1001 A.D in his famous book "Kitab-ul-Hind" as:
"The Hindus society maintained this peculiar character over the centuries.The two socities,Hindus and Muslims,like two streams have sometimes touched but never merged,each following its separate course."
There are a few factors which split the inhabitants of the Sub Continent into two Nations.Let us examine each of them separately.
1.Religious Differences
The Hindus and Muslims belong to different religions.Islam preaches Tawheed (oneness of Allah) and believes in equality of man before law.Muslims are the believers of God,The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) the Holy Book Quran and hold a cohesive approach towards life.
Hinduism,on the other hand is based on the concept of multiple Gods.Their society follows a caste system and is divided into four classes and have a very narrow approach towards life.
2.Hindu Nationalism
A number of Hindu nationalist movements,which emerged from time to time in the Indian history ,added fuel to the fire by playing up the tension and antagonism which already existed between the two communities.
The Hindu nationalist leaders totally ignored the great contribution made by the Muslims in the indian society by way of promoting education and other social activities.Their writings and ideas flared up the communal discord between Hindus and Muslims to further pollute the political condition.
3.Cultural Differences
Muslim followed the Islamic culture while Hindus inherited a self build culture.The Hindus burnt their dead bodies while Muslims burred them.Hindus considered the 'Mother cow' as a sacred animal and worshiped it while Muslims slaughtered it.they performed 'sati' while Muslims abhorred this tradition .The Hindus and Muslims did not intermarry nor they inter-dine.
4.Social Differences
The two communities of the Sub Continent differ in their social life as well.The clothes,the foods,the household utensils,the layout of homes,the words of salutation,the gestures and every thing about them was different and immediately pointed to their distinctive origin.
5.Economics Differences
After 1857,the Muslim economic was crushed and all trade policies were framed in such a way so as to determent the Muslim condition .They were thrown out of Government services and the their estates and properties were confiscated,while the Hindus were provided with ample opportunities to progress economically.
6.Educational Differences
The Hindus had advanced in the educational field because they quickly and readily took the english education.While Muslims did not receive modern education which heavily affected their economic conditions.
7.Political Differences
The political differences between the Hindus and Muslims have played an important role in the developement and evolution of Two Nation Theory.
(i) Hindi Urdu Controversy
In 1867,Hindus demande that Urdu should be written in Hindi Script instead of Persian script.This created another gap between Hindus and Muslims.
(ii) Congress Attitude
The Indian national Congress was founded in 1885.It claimed to represent all communities of India but oppressed all Muslim ideas and supported the Hindus.
(iii) Partition of Bengal
In 1905,the partition of Bengal ensured a number of political benefits for the Muslims,but the Hindus launched an agitation against the partition and partition was annulled in 1911.
8.Language
The Muslimsand Hindus wrote and spoke two different languages .The language of the former was Urdu and it was written in Arabic Script.On the other hand ,the Hindi language was spoken by Hindus and it was written in Sanskrit.Urdu and Hindi language had the difference in writing,thoughts of poetry,arts,painting and words of music.Even this small difference lead to a stirring conflict between the two nations.
Sir syed Ahmed Khan-The Pioneer of Two Nation Theory
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan,the pioneer of two nation theory,used the word 'two nation' for Hindus and Muslims after being concinced of the Hindus and Congress hatred,hostility and prejudice for the Muslims.
The entire freedom movement revolved around the two nation theory which was introduced by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.He considered all those lived in India as one nation and was a great advocate of Hindu-Muslim unity.Speaking at the meeting of Indian Association he said:
"I look to both Hindus and Muslims with the same eyes and consider them as my own eyes.By the word 'Nation' I mean only Hindus and Muslims and nothing else,We,Hindus and Muslims live together on the same soil under the same government.Our intrests and problems are common,and therfore,I consider the two factions as one nation."
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan did his best to make the Muslims realize their differences ewith the Hindus with regard to religions,social and language national and international identity and for this purpose he diverted attention of the Indian Muslims towards a new idea of "Two Nation" or "Two entities."
After Hindi-Urdu controversy Sir Syed felt that it was not possible for Hindus and Muslims to progress as a single nation.He said:
" I am convinced now that Hindus and Muslims could never become one nation as their religion and way of life was quite distinct from each other."

TWO NATION THEORY IN THE VIEW OF ALLAMA IQBAL
Allama Iqbal was the first important figure who propounded the idea of separate homeland on the basis of two nation theory.He firmly believed in the separate identity of the Muslims as a nation and suggested that there would be no possibility of peace in the country unless and untill they were recognized as a nation.In the annual session of Muslim League at Allahabad in 1930,he said:
"India is a continent of human beings belonging to different languages and professing different religions...I,therefore,demand the formation of a consolidated Muslim state in the best interests of the Muslims of India and Islam."
QUAID-E-AZAM'S STATEMENT ON TWO NATION THEORY
The most clear and emphatic exposition is found in Jinnah's statement and speeches.He expounded the two nation theory in such detail that most Muslims and even some Hindus came to believe in its truth.He declared:
" Muslims are not a minority,They are one nation by every definition of the word nation.By all canons of international law we are a nation."
Quaid-e-Azam reiterated that Hindus and Muslims could ever evolve a common nationality was on idle dream.They are a totally different nation .They have an unbridgeable gulf between them and they stand miles apart in regards to their ideals,culture and religion.In 1973,he said:
"Hindustan is neither one country,nor its inhabitants one nation.This is Sub Continent which consist of many nations of which the Hindus and Muslims are two major nations."
CONCLUSION
The Muslims apprehended that they would lose their identity if they remained a part of Hindu society.They also came to realize the above mentioned differences between them and the Hindus and hence demanded separate electorate on the ground that they were different nation from Hindus.
Hence it is right to say that this theory i.e two nation theory is the basis of the creation of Pakistan because without this as a base,Pakistan would not come into being on 14th August ,1947,and we would not be breathing freely in this open air of Pakistan.

165 comments:

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Anonymous said...

there is a mistake of date in it.... in the last it was wrote that in 1973 Quaid said..... but Quaid was died in 1948... then how it could be rite...??

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Anonymous said...

why sirsyed introduced two nation theory?

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Anonymous said...

I dont't understand. First you say that Sir Syed says:"I look to both Hindus and Muslims with the same eyes and consider them as my own eyes.By the word 'Nation' I mean only Hindus and Muslims and nothing else,We,Hindus and Muslims live together on the same soil under the same government.Our intrests and problems are common,and therfore,I consider the two factions as one nation."
then you say he supported two nation theory . It seems Sir Syed had conflicting views.

Sohaib Ahmed said...

The thing is that Sir Syed was a firm believer of the two nation theory. We know this because he told muslims to not join Indian National Congress. However, he portrayed another image of himself to the outside world. In his quoted words he has always been known to support hindu muslim unity so that these quotes cant be held against him by any community. So, as of today, there is no evidence of the fact that Sir Syed was anti-hindu

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Anonymous said...

sir syed was a the great personality of this worid ;-)

Anonymous said...

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Anonymous said...

i dont understand why Indian muslims like maulana azad ,abdul gaffar khan were not influenced with this 2 nation theory and remained on the other side ? any possible explanation.

Unknown said...

It's really good source of knowledge specially about Pakistan. Thanks.

Anonymous said...

Sir Syed showed his talent by stooped Muslim to involve in Politics before time

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Anonymous said...

i love this article but some peoples are right that sir syed was anti-hindu

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Unknown said...

Really concise n very helpful...

Unknown said...

Really concise n very helpful...

Unknown said...

not but also not too good

Unknown said...

Do u guys know 5000000 lakhs humans being died because of partition.

Unknown said...

My religion is humanity, not Islam nor Hinduism, and it is sad for me that 50 lakhs people of my religion ie humanity died because of partition.

Anonymous said...

In the portion of Quaid-e-Azam's view (last paragraph) the year cannot be 1973 as he(R.A) died in 1948. Please check.

Unknown said...

two nation theory is wrong because hindu and muslim not nation hindu is ideology and muslim is community jinnah was wrong in 1947 and will be wrong end of the pakistan.

Unknown said...

if jinnah had a vision of secular pakistan why then he india divide in two part in 1947.

Unknown said...

if jinnah had a vision of secular pakistan why then he india divide in two part in 1947.

Unknown said...

we have seen the result of two nation theory in 1971 the born of bangladesh

Unknown said...

if india hold in allahuddin khilji or aurangzeb in new delhi why jinnah demand seperate nation for muslim because jinnah wanted muslim domination in india but nehru don't want that

Unknown said...

harita says huminity is my religion i want to ask that how many u use the huminity in tough session in your life.

Unknown said...

when to pakistan will be islamic republic of pakistan pakistan will face always face problem by fundamental islam.

Unknown said...

impulsiveness is main reason of partion of india.

Unknown said...

mohd ali jinnah was not satisfied with mahatma gandhi non violance
but he was always respect to tilak and gokhle

Unknown said...

The Muslims apprehended that they would lose their identity if they remained a part of Hindu society.They also came to realize the above mentioned differences between them and the Hindus and hence demanded separate electorate on the ground that they were different nation from Hindus.
Hence it is right to say that this theory i.e two nation theory is the basis of the creation of Pakistan because without this as a base,Pakistan would not come into being on 14th August ,1947,and we would not be breathing freely in this open air of Pakistan.

Unknown said...

inferiorty complex problam basicly the main reason of india divided of india

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Anonymous said...

this is very helpful although some points are missing

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its very helpful but if someone give me some book headers i will be very thankful to him inbox me please.

Unknown said...

jinnah was known that two nation theory is unnatural theroy not natural this is political theory only to achieve the prime minister post of freedom india so that muslim dominate to hindus

Unknown said...

jinnah was known that two nation theory is unnatural theroy not natural this is political theory only to achieve the prime minister post of freedom india so that muslim dominate to hindus

Mody & Mody said...

yesterday i was studying to mountbatten and india divided jinnah was fool in behalf of british point view because he was facing inferiority complex problam because he was not accepting to gandhi

Mody & Mody said...

yesterday i was studying to mountbatten and india divided jinnah was fool in behalf of british point view because he was facing inferiority complex problam because he was not accepting to gandhi

Unknown said...

3rd january 1948 sardar patel told in kolkata about juna gad and hydra bad and told to 4 crore muslim to india if u r petriot of india u should have been asked to your heart not to me because u mostly support to creation of pakistan

Unknown said...

still i m studying mountbatten and india partition dominic lapeire and larry colins
and so many time i was noted jinnah was main responsible person for india divided because british was buffer state between india and russia and this responsbilities given to jinnah and he did it

Unknown said...

jinnah was british culture muslim not about knowledge of islam

Unknown said...

mostly indian was thought that nehru was responsible for india partition but he was never communal think about india he was united india

Unknown said...

wanted

Unknown said...

if jinnah deceased open in all over society that he was patient of tb so muslim league can be go for compromise with congress and british and india partition can be put off

Unknown said...

pakistan such a very attractive country in all over world

Unknown said...

pakistan can not become a superpower because he denie to his culture indonesia is also a muslim country but he never denied to his culture

Unknown said...

pakistan can not become a superpower because he denie to his culture indonesia is also a muslim country but he never denied to his culture

Unknown said...

mostly pakistanies thought that pakistan had became in 11th century but i can say that confidently without mohd. ali jinnah
nobody can bulid up to pakistan becuase jinnah was given to guarntee to 100 millon people mulslim to the india

Unknown said...

mostly pakistanies thought that pakistan had became in 11th century but i can say that confidently without mohd. ali jinnah
nobody can bulid up to pakistan becuase jinnah was given to guarntee to 100 millon people mulslim to the india

Anonymous said...

very helpful information thanks

Unknown said...

pakistan will be a fail nation because he was always inovolved in india

Unknown said...

massacre of bluchastanies would be disintegrated to pakistan two nation theroy of mohd. ali jinnah totally communal basis of has been failed 30 lakh bangali had been killed in 1971

Unknown said...

massacre of bluchastanies would be disintegrated to pakistan two nation theroy of mohd. ali jinnah totally communal basis of has been failed 30 lakh bangali had been killed in 1971

Unknown said...

mohd. ali jinnah was being fooled to 100 millions muslim of india
so he was muslim but he was british agent he sent to british in india for india partion beacause british was wanted buffer satate between india and russia so he did he never read namaz and never muslim rule and culture also he was shiya muslim
what pakistanies done last days with mohd. ali jinnah

Unknown said...

mohd. ali jinnah was being fooled to 100 millions muslim of india
so he was muslim but he was british agent he sent to british in india for india partion beacause british was wanted buffer satate between india and russia so he did he never read namaz and never muslim rule and culture also he was shiya muslim
what pakistanies done last days with mohd. ali jinnah

Jennifer Thompson said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
Unknown said...

two nation theory is fake and forged by mohd. ali jinnah because jinnah never follow islamic rules and never beleive in islam
but he was barrister not politition he was wanted that he could,nt
equalivant to mahatama gandhi and pandit nehru

Unknown said...

maximum policy of pakistan he will attack in new delhi nuclear attack but india ignore always if india attack pakistan occupied kashmir he get lost in 1947 such a terrible problam can be create for pakistan creation

Anonymous said...

Stupidity at its high in describing this blood ass theory.
Look at the present situation what it has done in this sub continent. The Government of these two nation is spending more money in killing or defending from each. Well done Jinnah you just fucked your own motherland.

Tayyab Waqar said...

Under the heading "QUAID-E-AZAM'S STATEMENT ON TWO NATION THEORY", it is written that and i quote:
"In 1973,he said:
"Hindustan is neither one country,nor its inhabitants one nation.This is Sub Continent which consist of many nations of which the Hindus and Muslims are two major nations."
"
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was not alive in 1973. Please correct the year.

Unknown said...

jinnah was british agent he has been confirmed and he was use of islam for personal benifit he never follow to major rule of islam in all over life and i want tell to tayyab waqar u r thinking about religion point of view not nation point of view when u will think about nation then u will think that nation is right

Anonymous said...

because he wanted to i troduce it.

Anonymous said...

it is good but there no not the point of idealogy

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Unknown said...

In the Para. Two Nation Theory in The View of Quaid E Azam, "He Said in 1973???? He died in 1948 then how he said in 1973? ��

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Muhammad Hamad said...

What the correct date in last paragraph the place of 1973

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Anonymous said...

in the para tow nation theory in the view of quaid_E_Azam in 1973????? while quaide_e_Azam was died in 1948 then how he said in 1973

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